منابع مشابه
Time-Dependent Rate Phenomenon in Viruses
UNLABELLED Among the most fundamental questions in viral evolutionary biology are how fast viruses evolve and how evolutionary rates differ among viruses and fluctuate through time. Traditionally, viruses are loosely classed into two groups: slow-evolving DNA viruses and fast-evolving RNA viruses. As viral evolutionary rate estimates become more available, it appears that the rates are negative...
متن کاملAnalyses of evolutionary dynamics in viruses are hindered by a time-dependent bias in rate estimates.
Time-scales of viral evolution and emergence have been studied widely, but are often poorly understood. Molecular analyses of viral evolutionary time-scales generally rely on estimates of rates of nucleotide substitution, which vary by several orders of magnitude depending on the timeframe of measurement. We analysed data from all major groups of viruses and found a strong negative relationship...
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In this paper, an economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model for a deteriorating item is developed with the following characteristics: (i) The demand rate is deterministic and two-staged, i.e., it is constant in first part of the cycle and linear function of time in the second part. (ii) Deterioration rate is time-proportional. (iii) Shortages are not allowed to occur. The o...
متن کاملA New Continuous Multi-State Reliability Model with Time Dependent Component Performance Rate
A CSS1†is a system with the continues-state components. When a component has the ability to obtain all the situations from completely working to completely failed, it named continues-state component. In the real world, performance rate of elements are continuous and decrease by time. Continuity of components causes infinite working states and grows up the system states. In this paper we propose...
متن کاملTime-dependent freezing rate parcel model
The time-dependent freezing rate (TDFR) model here described represents the formation of ice particles by immersion freezing within an air parcel. The air parcel trajectory follows an adiabatic ascent and includes a period in time when the parcel remains stationary at the top of its ascent. The description of the ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the air parcel is taken from laboratory experim...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Virology
سال: 2016
ISSN: 0022-538X,1098-5514
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00593-16